Magnetron sputtering target and process for producing the same

ABSTRACT

A magnetron sputtering target containing a ferromagnetic metal element includes a magnetic phase containing the ferromagnetic metal element; a plurality of non-magnetic phases containing the ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality of non-magnetic phases containing a different constituent element from each other or containing constituent elements at different ratios from each other; and an oxide phase. Regions of the magnetic phase and the plurality of non-magnetic phases are separated from each other by the oxide phase.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a magnetron sputtering targetcontaining a ferromagnetic metal element and to a process for producingthe same.

BACKGROUND ART

In magnetron sputtering, magnets are disposed on the rear side of atarget, and leakage magnetic flux flowing toward the front side of thetarget causes plasma to be concentrated at high density. This allowsstable high-rate sputtering.

Therefore, the target used for magnetron sputtering is required to allowa large amount of leakage magnetic flux to flow toward the front side ofthe target.

For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a magnetron sputtering targetcontaining Co. More specifically, this magnetron sputtering targetincludes a magnetic phase containing Co, a non-magnetic phase containingCo, and an oxide phase, and the magnetic phase, the non-magnetic phase,and the oxide phase are dispersed in each other. The magnetic phasecontains Co and Cr as main components, and the ratio of the amount of Cocontained in the magnetic phase is not less than 76 at % and not morethan 80 at % or lower. Patent Literature 1 discloses another magnetronsputtering target containing Co. More specifically, this magnetronsputtering target includes a magnetic phase containing Co and anon-magnetic phase containing Co, and the magnetic phase and thenon-magnetic phase are dispersed in each other. The non-magnetic phaseis a Pt—Co alloy phase containing Pt as a main component, and the ratioof the amount of Co contained in the Pt—Co alloy phase is more than 0 at% and not more than 13 at %.

These magnetron sputtering targets allow an increased amount of leakagemagnetic flux to flow from the surfaces of the targets during magnetronsputtering without reducing the amount of Co, or a ferromagnetic metalelement, contained in the targets, so that magnetron sputtering can beperformed favorably.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 4422203

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, there is a need to further increase the amount of leakagemagnetic flux during magnetron sputtering without reducing the amount ofthe ferromagnetic metal element contained in the target.

The present invention has been made in view of the foregoingcircumstances, and it is an object to provide a magnetron sputteringtarget that allows an increased amount of leakage magnetic flux to flowduring magnetron sputtering as compared to that in conventional targets,without reducing the amount of the ferromagnetic metal element containedin the target, as well as to provide a process for producing themagnetron sputtering target.

Solution to Problem

The above object of the present invention is achieved by providing amagnetron sputtering target containing a ferromagnetic metal element,the magnetron sputtering target including a magnetic phase containingthe ferromagnetic metal element; a plurality of non-magnetic phasescontaining the ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases containing a different constituent element from eachother or containing constituent elements at different ratios from eachother; and an oxide phase; wherein regions of the magnetic phase and theplurality of non-magnetic phases are separated from each other by theoxide phase.

Herein, the phrase “regions of the magnetic phase and the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases are separated from each other by the oxide phase”means a state in which the oxide phase prevents diffusion of atomsbetween these regions.

The “magnetic phase” is a phase with magnetism (except for phases withmagnetism sufficiently lower than the magnetism of ordinary magneticsubstances), and the “non-magnetic phase” is a concept including notonly phases with no magnetism but also phases with magnetismsufficiently lower than the magnetism of ordinary magnetic substances.

In the present invention, the plurality of non-magnetic phasescontaining the ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases containing a different constituent element from eachother or containing constituent elements at different ratios from eachother, are provided. This allows the volume fraction of the magneticphase containing the ferromagnetic metal element relative to the totalvolume of the target to be reduced while the total amount of theferromagnetic metal element contained in the target is held constant, sothat the magnetism of the target as a whole can be reduced. Therefore,the amount of leakage magnetic flux from the surface of the targetduring magnetron sputtering can be increased without reducing the amountof the ferromagnetic metal element contained in the target, andmagnetron sputtering can thereby be performed favorably.

The plurality of non-magnetic phases may be, for example, twonon-magnetic phases.

The ferromagnetic metal element is, for example, Co. In this case, whenmagnetron sputtering is performed using the target, a magnetic recordingmedium having high magnetic recording characteristics can be easilyobtained.

The magnetic phase may be, for example, a Co—Cr alloy phase containingCo and Cr as main components. In this case, the ratio of the amount ofCo contained in the magnetic phase is preferably not less than 85 at %,from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of leakage magnetic fluxfrom the surface of the target by increasing the volume fraction of thenon-magnetic phases relative to the total volume of the target to reducethe volume fraction of the magnetic phase. Moreover, from theabove-described point of view, the magnetic phase is more preferably aphase composed only of Co.

Preferably, at least one of the non-magnetic phases is a Co—Cr alloyphase in which the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0 at % and notmore than 75 at % or a Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase in which the ratio of theamount of Co is more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %. Preferably,at least one of the non-magnetic phases is a Co—Pt alloy phase in whichthe ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0 at % and not more than 12at %.

For example, the oxide phase may contain at least one of SiO₂, TiO₂,Ti₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, Cr₂O₃, CoO, Co₃O₄, B₂O₅, Fe₂O₃, CuO, Y₂O₃, MgO, Al₂O₃,ZrO₂, Nb₂O₅, MoO₃, CeO₂, Sm₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, WO₂, WO₃, HfO₂, and NiO₂.

The target may be preferably used to form a magnetic recording layer.

For example, the magnetron sputtering target can be produced by aprocess for producing a magnetron sputtering target, the processincluding the steps of: mixing and dispersing an oxide powder and amagnetic metal powder, the magnetic metal powder containing aferromagnetic metal element, to obtain a magnetic powder mixture; mixingand dispersing an oxide powder and each of a plurality of non-magneticmetal powders, the plurality of non-magnetic metal powders containingthe ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality of non-magnetic metalpowders containing a different constituent element from each other orcontaining constituent elements at different ratios from each other, toobtain a plurality of non-magnetic powder mixtures; and mixing anddispersing the magnetic powder mixture and the plurality of non-magneticpowder mixtures to obtain a powder mixture for pressure sintering.

For example, the magnetron sputtering target can be produced by aprocess for producing a magnetron sputtering target, the processincluding the steps of: mixing and dispersing an oxide powder and amagnetic metal powder, the magnetic metal powder containing aferromagnetic metal element, to obtain a magnetic powder mixture; mixingand dispersing an oxide powder and each of a plurality of non-magneticmetal powders, the plurality of non-magnetic metal powders containingthe ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality of non-magnetic metalpowders containing a different constituent element from each other orcontaining constituent elements at different ratios from each other, toobtain a plurality of non-magnetic powder mixtures; and mixing anddispersing the magnetic powder mixture, the plurality of non-magneticpowder mixtures, and an oxide powder to obtain a powder mixture forpressure sintering.

Herein, the “magnetic metal powder” is a powder with magnetism (exceptfor powders with magnetism sufficiently lower than the magnetism ofordinary magnetic substances), and the “non-magnetic powders” are aconcept including not only powders with no magnetism but also powderswith magnetism sufficiently lower than the magnetism of ordinarymagnetic substances.

Preferably, magnetic metal particles in the magnetic powder mixture arecovered with an oxide powder, and non-magnetic metal particles in theplurality of non-magnetic powder mixtures are covered with an oxidepowder.

The plurality of non-magnetic metal powders may be, for example, twonon-magnetic metal powders.

For example, the ferromagnetic metal element is Co. In this case, whenmagnetron sputtering is performed using the target produced by theabove-described production processes, a magnetic recording medium havinghigh magnetic recording characteristics can be easily obtained.

When the magnetic metal powder contains Co and Cr as main components,the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the magnetic metal powder ispreferably not less than 85 at from the viewpoint of improving theleakage magnetic flux ratio of a target to be produced. The magneticmetal powder is more preferably composed only of Co.

Preferably, at least one of the plurality of non-magnetic metal, powdersis a Co—Cr alloy in which the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0at % and not more than 75 at % or a Co—Cr—Pt alloy in which the ratio ofthe amount of Co is more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %.Preferably, at least one of the plurality of non-magnetic metal powdersis a Co—Pt alloy in which the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0at % and not more than 12 at %.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, the amount of leakage magnetic fluxfrom the surface of the target during magnetron sputtering can beincreased as compared to those from conventional targets withoutreducing the amount of the ferromagnetic metal element contained in thetarget, and magnetron sputtering can be performed favorably.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a metallurgical microscope photograph showing an example ofthe microstructure of a target according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of theamount of Co and magnetism of a Co—Cr alloy.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of theamount of Co and magnetism of a Co—Pt alloy.

FIG. 4 is a metallurgical microscope photograph showing a cross sectionof a sintered body obtained by pressure sintering of a magnetic powdermixture.

FIG. 5 is a metallurgical microscope photograph showing a cross sectionof a sintered body obtained by pressure sintering of a firstnon-magnetic powder mixture.

FIG. 6 is a metallurgical microscope photograph showing a cross sectionof a sintered body obtained by pressure sintering of a secondnon-magnetic powder mixture.

FIG. 7 is a metallurgical microscope photograph showing a cross sectionof a sintered body obtained by pressure sintering of a secondnon-magnetic powder mixture.

FIG. 8 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a low magnification)of a cross section of the test piece in Example 1 in the thicknessdirection.

FIG. 9 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in Example 1 in thethickness direction.

FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph (at a low magnification) of a cross sectionof the test piece in Example 1 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 11 is an SEM photograph (at a high magnification) of a crosssection of the test piece in Example 1 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 12 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a lowmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in Example 2 in thethickness direction.

FIG. 13 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in Example 2 in thethickness direction.

FIG. 14 is an SEM photograph (at a low magnification) of a cross sectionof the test piece in Example 2 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 15 is an SEM photograph (at a high magnification) of a crosssection of the test piece in Example 2 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 16 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a lowmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 1 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 17 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 1 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 18 is an SEM photograph (at a low magnification) of a cross sectionof the test piece in Comparative Example 1 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 19 is an SEM photograph (at a high magnification) of a crosssection of the test piece in Comparative Example 1 in the thicknessdirection.

FIG. 20 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a lowmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 2 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 21 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 2 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 22 is an SEM photograph (at a low magnification) of a cross sectionof the test piece in Comparative Example 2 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 23 is an SEM photograph (at a high magnification) of a crosssection of the test piece in Comparative Example 2 in the thicknessdirection.

FIG. 24 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a lowmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 3 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 25 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 3 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 26 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a lowmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 5 in the thickness direction.

FIG. 27 is a metallurgical microscope photograph (at a highmagnification) of a cross section of the test piece in ComparativeExample 5 in the thickness direction.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The magnetron sputtering target according to the present invention is amagnetron sputtering target containing a ferromagnetic metal element,the magnetron sputtering target comprising: a magnetic phase containingthe ferromagnetic metal element; a plurality of non-magnetic phasescontaining the ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases containing a different constituent element from eachother or containing constituent elements at different ratios from eachother; and an oxide phase; wherein regions of the magnetic phase and theplurality of non-magnetic phases are separated from each other by theoxide phase.

In the present invention, the plurality of non-magnetic phasescontaining the ferromagnetic metal element, the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases containing a different constituent element from eachother or containing constituent elements at different ratios from eachother, are provided. This allows the volume fraction of the non-magneticphases with respect to the total volume of the target to increase whilethe ratio of the amounts of the constituent elements including theferromagnetic metal element in the entire target is held constant, andthe volume fraction of the magnetic phase with respect to the totalvolume of the target can be reduced. Therefore, the magnetism of thetarget as a whole can be reduced, and the amount of leakage magneticflux from the surface of the target during magnetron sputtering can beincreased, so that magnetron sputtering can be performed favorably.

For example, as described later, the magnetism of a Co—Cr alloy issubstantially zero when the ratio of the amount of Co is not more than75 at %. The magnetism of a Co—Pt alloy is substantially zero when theratio of the amount of Co is not more than 12 at %. Therefore, when thetarget contains three metal elements, that is, Co, Cr, and Pt, it ismore preferable to use two non-magnetic phases of a Co—Cr alloy phasecontaining Co in an amount of not more than 75 at % and a Co—Pt alloyphase containing Co in an amount of not more than 12 at % than onenon-magnetic phase of a Co—Cr alloy phase containing Co in an amount ofnot more than 75 at % or a Co—Pt alloy phase containing Co in an amountof not more than 12 at %. This is because the volume fraction of thenon-magnetic phases with respect to the total volume of the target canbe increased while the overall composition of the target is heldconstant, so that the volume fraction of the magnetic phase with respectto the total volume of the target can be reduced.

As described above, when a plurality of non-magnetic phases containing aferromagnetic metal element, the plurality of non-magnetic phasescontaining a different constituent element from each other or containingconstituent elements at different ratios from each other, are usedinstead of one non-magnetic phase, the volume fraction of thenon-magnetic phases with respect to the total volume of the target canbe increased while the overall composition of the target is heldconstant, so that the volume fraction of the magnetic phase with respectto the total volume of the target can be reduced. The magnetism of thetarget as a whole can thereby be reduced.

When the volume fraction of the non-magnetic phases with respect to thetotal volume of the target is increased while the overall composition ofthe target is held constant, the volume fraction of the magnetic phaseis reduced, and the ratio of the amount of the ferromagnetic metalelement contained in the magnetic phase increases. However, as describedlater, when, for example, the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Cr alloy is not less than 85 at %, the magnetism of such a Co—Cralloy is substantially the same as the magnetism of Co itself. Even whenthe ratio of the amount of Co is increased further, the magnetism isheld substantially constant. Therefore, it is conceivable that, when theratio of the amount of the ferromagnetic metal element contained in themagnetic phase is not less than a certain value, the magnetism of themagnetic phase does not increase significantly even when the ratio ofthe amount of the ferromagnetic metal element contained in the magneticphase is increased further. For this reason, even when the ratio of theamount of the ferromagnetic metal element contained in the magneticphase is high, the magnetism of the target as a whole can be reduced byincreasing the volume fraction of the non-magnetic phases with respectto the total volume of the target to reduce the volume fraction of themagnetic phase with respect to the total volume of the target.

In the present invention, regions of the magnetic phase and theplurality of non-magnetic phases are separated from each other by theoxide phase, so that diffusion of atoms between these regions isprevented by the oxide phase. Therefore, no migration of the constituentmetal atoms including the ferromagnetic metal atoms between theseregions occurs during pressure sintering treatment when the target isproduced. Thus, in each of the magnetic phase and the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases, the ratio of the amounts of the constituent metalelements including the ferromagnetic metal element is unchanged and isthe same as the ratio of the amounts in the magnetic metal particles orthe non-magnetic metal particles before the pressure sinteringtreatment. Therefore, the ratios of the amounts of the constituent metalelements contained in the respective phases can be set to the set ratiosof the amounts of the constituent metal elements contained in themagnetic metal particles and the non-magnetic metal particles, and theamount of leakage magnetic flux from the surface of the target duringmagnetron sputtering can be increased as designed. When the ratios ofthe amounts of the constituent metal elements including theferromagnetic metal element contained in the magnetic phase and theplurality of non-magnetic phases deviate from the ratios of the amountsin the magnetic metal particles and the non-magnetic metal particlesbefore pressure sintering treatment, designed non-magnetic phases maynot be obtained, and instead magnetic phases may be formed. In thiscase, the amount of leakage magnetic flux from the surface of the targetduring magnetron sputtering may not be increased as designed.

The magnetron sputtering target according to the present inventioncontains a ferromagnetic metal element and therefore can be used toproduce magnetic recording mediums. No particular limitation is imposedon the ferromagnetic metal element that can be used in the presentinvention. For example, Co, Fe, and Ni can be used. When Co is used asthe ferromagnetic metal element, a recording layer (magnetic layer)having a large coercive force can be formed, and a target suitable forproducing hard disks can be produced.

No particular limitation is imposed on metal elements other than theferromagnetic metal element contained in the magnetic phase and thenon-magnetic phases in the magnetron sputtering target according to thepresent invention. For example, the magnetic phase and/or thenon-magnetic phases can contain any of metal elements such as Cr, Pt,Au, Ag, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, W, Ta, Cu, B, and Mo.

In the following description, a Co—Cr—Pt—SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ target that canbe suitably used for the production of a magnetic recording layer isused as an embodiment of the present invention and will be describedspecifically. In this embodiment, a three-metal phase structureincluding one magnetic phase and two non-magnetic phases is used.However, a multiphase structure including four or more phases includingone magnetic phase and three or more non-magnetic phases may be used.

1. Constituent Components of Target

The constituent components of the target according to this embodimentare Co—Cr—Pt—SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃. Co, Cr, and Pt form magnetic particles(fine magnets) in a granular structure in a magnetic recording layerformed by sputtering. The oxides (SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃) form anon-magnetic matrix that separates the magnetic particles (fine magnets)in the granular structure from each other.

The ratio of the amounts of the metals (Co, Cr, and Pt) and the ratio ofthe amounts of the oxides (SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃) with respect to thetotal amount of the target are determined according to the intendedcomposition of the magnetic recording layer. The ratio of the amounts ofthe metals with respect to the total amount of the target is 88 to 94mol %, and the ratio of the amounts of the oxides (SiO₂, TiO₂, andCr₂O₃) with respect to the total amount of the target is 6 to 12 mol %.

Co is a ferromagnetic metal element and plays a central role in theformation of the magnetic particles (fine magnets) in the granularstructure of the magnetic recording layer. The ratio of the amount of Cowith respect to the total amount of the metals (Co, Cr, and Pt) is 60 to80 at %.

Cr has a function of reducing the magnetic moment of Co when alloyedwith Co within a prescribed composition range and plays a role incontrolling the strength of the magnetism of the magnetic particles. Theratio of the amount of Cr with respect to the total amount of the metals(Co, Cr, and Pt) is 4 to 24 at %.

Pt has a function of increasing the magnetic moment of Co when alloyedwith Co within a prescribed composition range and plays a role incontrolling the strength of the magnetism of the magnetic particles. Theratio of the amount of Pt with respect to the total amount of the metals(Co, Cr, and Pt) is 1 to 22 at %.

In this embodiment, SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃ are used as the oxides, butthe oxides used are not limited to SiO₂, TiO₂, and Cr₂O₃. For example,at least one oxide selected from SiO₂, TiO₂, Ti₂O₃, Ta₂O₅, Cr₂O₃, CoO,CO₃O₄, B₂O₅, Fe₂O₃, CuO, Y₂O₃, MgO, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, Nb₂O₅, MoO₃, CeO₂,Sm₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, WO₂, WO₃, HfO₂, and NiO₂ may be used.

2. Microstructure of Target

As shown in FIG. 1 (a SEM photograph of a cross section of a target inExample 1 in a thickness direction) as an example, in the microstructureof the target according to this embodiment, the magnetic phase (a Co—Cralloy phase containing Co in an amount of 85 at or more), a firstnon-magnetic phase (a Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase containing Co in an amount oflarger than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %), and a second non-magneticphase (a Co—Pt alloy phase containing Co in an amount of more than 0 atand not more than 12 at %) are dispersed from each other and separatedfrom each other by the oxide phase so as not to come into contact witheach other. In this embodiment, the magnetic phase (the Co—Cr alloyphase containing Co in an amount of 85 at % or more) may be a Cosingle-element phase containing 100 at % of Co, and the Co—Cr alloyphase containing Co in an amount of 85 at % or more includes a Cosingle-element phase containing 100 at of Co.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 represents the target in thisembodiment; the phase denoted by reference numeral 12 (a relativelylarge dark gray phase) is the magnetic phase (Co phase); the phasedenoted by reference numeral 14 (a gray phase with a density between thedensities of the magnetic phase 12 and the second non-magnetic phase 16)is the first non-magnetic phase (a 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase); the phasedenoted by reference numeral 16 (the most whitish phase) is the secondnon-magnetic phase (a 5Co-95Pt alloy phase); and regions denoted byreference numeral 18 (dark gray regions separating the metal phases fromeach other) are the oxide phase (a SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase).

As described above, the three-phase structure including one magneticphase (the Co—Cr alloy phase containing Co in an amount of 85 at % ormore) and two non-magnetic phases (the Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase containingCo in an amount of more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at % and theCo—Pt alloy phase containing Co in an amount of more than 0 at % and notmore than 12 at %) is used instead of a single Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase.This allows the volume fraction of the magnetic phase with respect tothe total volume of the target to be reduced while the ratio of theamounts of the constituent elements including the ferromagnetic metalelement contained in the entire target is held constant. With thisconfiguration, the magnetism of the target as a whole can be reducedwhile the ratio of the amounts of the constituent elements contained inthe target is held constant. In addition, the amount of leakage magneticflux from the surface of the target during magnetron sputtering can beincreased, and magnetron sputtering can thereby be performed favorably.

The reason why the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the Co—Cralloy phase (magnetic phase) is set to 85 at % or more in thisembodiment will be described.

TABLE 1 below shows the experimental results of the measurement of thetensile stresses of Co—Cr alloys with different ratios of amounts of Co.The tensile stress is used as a measure for evaluation of magnetism (thelarger the value of the tensile stress, the larger the magnetism, asdescribed later). FIG. 2 is a graph based on TABLE 1 below and showingthe relationship between the ratio of the amount of Co in the Co—Cralloy and its magnetism. The horizontal axis represents the ratio of theamount of Co, and the vertical axis represents the tensile stress usedas the measure of evaluation of magnetism.

TABLE 1 Ratio of amount of Co Tensile stress (at %) (Pa) 0 0.0 50 0.0 700.0 75 1.1 76 11.2 77 26.2 78 44.6 79 54.6 80 79.5 81 110.4 82 147.4 83165.3 85 169.9 87 164.1 90 172.4 100 172.8

As shown in TABLE 1 and FIG. 2, the magnetism of a Co—Cr alloy issubstantially zero when the ratio of the amount of Co is not more than75 at %. When the ratio of the amount of Co exceeds 75 at %, themagnetism increases steeply. When the ratio of the amount of Co is 83 at% or more, the gradient of the increase in magnetism decreases, and themagnetism becomes substantially constant. Therefore, in the Co—Cr alloywhich is the magnetic phase, even when the ratio of the amount of Co isincreased from 83 at %, almost no increase in the magnetism from thatwhen the ratio of the amount of Co is 83 at % occurs.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the ratio of the amount of Co containedin the Co—Cr alloy phase is set to 85 at % or more. More specifically,the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the Co—Cr alloy phase whichis the magnetic phase is increased with almost no increase in themagnetism from that when the ratio of the amount of Co is 83 at %. Thelarger the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the Co—Cr alloy phase,the smaller the volume fraction of the Co—Cr alloy phase which is themagnetic phase can be while the ratio of the amount of Co with respectto the total amount of the target is held constant, and the larger thevolume fraction of the non-magnetic phases (the Co—Cr—Pt alloy phasecontaining Co in an amount of more than 0 at and not more than 73 at %and the Co—Pt alloy phase containing Co in an amount of more than 0 at %and not more than 12 at %) can be. The magnetism of the target as awhole can thereby be reduced.

Next, the reason why the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Cr—Pt alloy phase is set to be more than 0 at % and not more than 73at % will be described.

As shown in TABLE 1 and FIG. 2, in the Co—Cr alloy, when the ratio ofthe amount of Co to the total amount of Co and Cr is 75 at % or less,the Co—Cr alloy can contain Co with the magnetism of the Co—Cr alloybeing substantially zero. It is conceivable that a Co—Cr—Pt alloyprepared by adding Pt to the Co—Cr alloy shows a similar tendency.Therefore, it is conceivable that, when the ratio of the amount of Co tothe total amount of Co, Cr, and Pt is 75 at % or less, the Co—Cr—Ptalloy can contain Co with the magnetism of the alloy being substantiallyzero. However, as described above, Pt has a function of increasing themagnetic moment of Co when alloyed with Co within a prescribedcomposition range. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ratio of theamount of Co to the total amount of Co, Cr, and Pt is set to 73 at % orless. In Examples described later, a large leakage magnetic flux ratiowas actually obtained when the first non-magnetic phase was a69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase (the ratio of the amount of Co was 69 at % andwas not more than 73 at %). However, when the ratio of the amount of Cois zero, the Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase which is the non-magnetic phase doesnot contain Co, and this does not contribute to a reduction in thevolume fraction of the Co—Cr alloy phase (magnetic phase) while theratio of the amounts of the constituent elements including Co containedin the entire target 10 is held constant. Therefore, in this embodiment,the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase isset to be more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %. This allows thevolume fraction of the Co—Cr alloy phase (magnetic phase) to be reducedwhile the ratio of the amounts of the constituent elements including Cocontained in the target 10 is held constant. The magnetism of the targetas a whole is thereby reduced, and magnetron sputtering can be performedfavorably.

Next, the reason why the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Pt alloy phase is set to be more than 0 at % and not more than 12 at% will be described.

TABLE 2 below shows the experimental results of the measurement of thetensile stresses of Co—Pt alloys with different amounts of Co. Thetensile stress was used as a measure for evaluation of magnetism (thelarger the value of the tensile stress, the larger the magnetism, asdescribed later). FIG. 3 is a graph based on TABLE 2 below and showingthe relationship between the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Pt alloy and its magnetism. The horizontal axis represents the ratioof the amount of Co, and the vertical axis represents the tensile stressused as the measure of evaluation of magnetism.

TABLE 2 Ratio of amount of Co Tensile stress (at %) (Pa) 0 0.0 10 0.2 110.5 12 0.8 13 9.6 14 66.6 15 179.1 20 212.4 25 220.7 50 220.7 80 187.4100 172.8

As shown in TABLE 2 and FIG. 3, in the Co—Pt alloy, when the ratio ofthe amount of Co to the total amount of Co and Pt is 12 at % or less,the Co—Pt alloy can contain Co with the magnetism of the Co—Pt alloybeing substantially zero. However, when the ratio of the amount of Co iszero, there is no contribution to a reduction in the magnetism of thetarget as a whole by reducing the volume fraction of the Co—Cr alloyphase (magnetic phase) while the ratio of the amounts of the constituentelements including Co contained in the target 10 is held constant.Therefore, in this embodiment, the ratio of the amount of Co containedin the Co—Pt alloy phase is set to be more than 0 at % and not more than12 at %. This allows the volume fraction of the Co—Cr alloy phase(magnetic phase) to be reduced while the ratio of the amounts of theconstituent elements including Co contained in the target 10 is heldconstant. The magnetism of the target as a whole is thereby reduced, andmagnetron sputtering can be performed preferably.

The data in TABLEs 1 and 2 and FIGS. 2 and 3 were measured by thepresent inventors and more specifically were measured as follows. Thedata in TABLE 1 and FIG. 2 was measured as follows. Co and Cr were mixedto obtain mixtures with a volume of 1 cm³ and different compositions.These mixtures were arc-melted to produce disk-shaped samples having abottom area of 0.785 cm². The bottom surface of one of the disk-shapedsamples was attached to a magnet (formed of ferrite) having a residualmagnetic flux density of 500 Gauss. Then the sample was pulled in adirection perpendicular to the bottom surface, and a force when thesample was detached from the magnet was measured. Since a tensile stressdetermined by dividing the measured force by the bottom surface area0.785 cm² is positively correlated with the magnetism of the sample, thetensile stress was used as the measure for evaluation of magnetism, andthe value of the tensile stress was shown in TABLE 1 and plotted on thevertical axis in FIG. 2. The data in TABLE 2 and FIG. 3 were obtained asin the data in TABLE 1 and FIG. 2 except that Pt and Co were mixed toobtain mixtures having a volume of 1 cm³.

As described above, in the target 10 in this embodiment, thenon-magnetic phases containing Co, or the Co—Cr—Pt alloy phase(containing Co in an amount of more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at%) and the Co—Pt alloy phase (containing Co in an amount of more than 0at % and not more than 12 at %), are provided. Therefore, the volumefraction of the Co—Cr alloy phase which is the magnetic phase can bereduced while the ratio of the amounts of the constituent elementsincluding Co contained in the target 10 can be held constant, and themagnetism of the target 10 as a whole can thereby be reduced. In theCo—Cr alloy phase which is the magnetic phase, the ratio of the amountof Co is 85 at % or more. Therefore, the ratio of the amount of Cocontained in the Co—Cr alloy phase which is the magnetic phase can beincreased with almost no increase in the magnetism from that when theratio of the amount of Co is 83 at %, and the volume fraction of theCo—Cr alloy phase which is the magnetic phase can be reduced while theratio of the amount of Co with respect to the total amount of the targetis held constant. The magnetism of the target as a whole can thereby bereduced.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the amount of leakage magnetic flux fromthe surface of the target during magnetron sputtering can be increasedwhile the ratio of the amount of the ferromagnetic metal elementcontained in the target is not reduced (the ratio of the amounts of theconstituent elements contained in the target is not changed), andmagnetron sputtering can thereby be performed favorably.

3. Process for Producing Target

The target 10 according to this embodiment can be produced as follows.

(1) Production of Magnetic Powder Mixture

Co and Cr are weighed such that a prescribed composition (the ratio ofthe amount of Co is 85 at % or more) is obtained. Then a molten alloy isproduced and gas-atomized to produce an atomized Co—Cr alloy magneticpowder having the prescribed composition (the ratio of the amount of Cois 85 at % or more). In this case, Cr may not be added, and an atomizedmagnetic powder composed only of Co may be produced. In this embodiment,the atomized Co—Cr alloy magnetic powder having a prescribed composition(the ratio of the amount of Co is 85 at % or more) is used to includethe atomized magnetic powder composed only of Co.

The produced atomized Co—Cr magnetic powder and oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) are mixed and dispersed toproduce a magnetic powder mixture. In the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder,TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder), fine primary particles are aggregated toform secondary particles. The mixing and dispersing is carried out tosuch an extent that the atomized Co—Cr magnetic particles are denselycovered with the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃powder).

FIG. 4 shows a metallurgical microscope photograph of a cross section ofa sintered body prepared by pressure-sintering the magnetic powdermixture (a Co powder covered with the oxide powders) at a temperature of1,160° C. and a pressure of 24.5 MPa for 1 h. A whitish phase denoted byreference numeral 20 is the magnetic phase (Co phase), and a dark grayportion denoted by reference numeral 22 is the oxide phase(SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). As can be seen from FIG. 4, regions of themagnetic phase (Co phase) 20 are separated from each other by the oxidephase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase) 22. Therefore, the magnetic powder mixtureprepared by mixing and dispersing the atomized Co—Cr alloy magneticpowder and the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃powder) is considered to be in a state in which the atomized Co—Cr alloymagnetic powder is covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder).

(2) Production of First Non-Magnetic Powder Mixture

Co, Cr, and Pt are weighed such that a prescribed composition (the ratioof the amount of Co is more than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %) isobtained. Then a molten alloy is produced and gas-atomized to produce anatomized Co—Cr—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder having the prescribedcomposition (the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0 at % and notmore than 73 at %).

The produced atomized Co—Cr—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder and the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) are mixed anddispersed to produce a first non-magnetic powder mixture. In the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder), fine primaryparticles are aggregated to form secondary particles. The mixing anddispersing is carried out to such an extent that the atomized Co—Cr—Ptalloy non-magnetic particles are densely covered with the oxide powders(SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder).

FIG. 5 shows a metallurgical microscope photograph of a cross section ofa sintered body prepared by pressure-sintering the first non-magneticpowder mixture (the Co—Cr—Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powdersand having the prescribed composition (the ratio of the amount of Co ismore than 0 at % and not more than 73 at %)). A whitish phase denoted byreference numeral 24 is the non-magnetic phase (69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloyphase), and a dark gray portion denoted by reference numeral 26 is theoxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). As can be seen from FIG. 5, regionsof the non-magnetic phase (69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase) containing Co arecovered with the oxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). Therefore, thefirst non-magnetic powder mixture prepared by mixing and dispersing theatomized Co—Cr—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder and the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) is considered to be in a state inwhich the atomized Co—Cr—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder is covered withthe oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder).

(3) Production of Second Non-Magnetic Powder Mixture

Co and Pt are weighed such that a prescribed composition (the ratio ofthe amount of Co is more than 0 at and not more than 12 at %) isobtained. Then a molten alloy is produced and gas-atomized to produce anatomized Co—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder having the prescribedcomposition (the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0 at % and notmore than 12 at %).

The produced atomized Co—Pt alloy non-magnetic powder and the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) are mixed anddispersed to produce a second non-magnetic powder mixture. In the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder), fine primaryparticles are aggregated to form secondary particles. The mixing anddispersing is carried out to such an extent that the atomized Co—Ptalloy non-magnetic particles are densely covered with the oxide powders(SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder).

FIGS. 6 and 7 are metallurgical microscope photographs of cross sectionsof sintered bodies prepared by pressure-sintering second non-magneticpowder mixtures (Co—Pt powders covered with the oxide powders and havingprescribed compositions (the ratio of the amount of Co is more than 0 at% and not more than 12 at %). In FIG. 6, the non-magnetic phase is a5Co-95Pt alloy phase. In FIG. 7, the non-magnetic phase is a 10Co-90Ptalloy phase. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 28 represents the non-magneticphase (5Co-95Pt alloy phase), and dark gray portions denoted byreference numeral 30 are the oxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). InFIG. 7, reference numeral 32 represents the non-magnetic phase(10Co-90Pt alloy phase), and dark gray portions denoted by referencenumeral 34 are the oxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). In both FIGS. 6and 7, regions of the non-magnetic phase are covered with the oxidephase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). Therefore, the second non-magnetic powdermixture produced by mixing and dispersing an atomized Co—Pt alloynon-magnetic powder and the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, andCr₂O₃ powder) is considered to be in a state in which the atomized Co—Ptalloy non-magnetic powder is covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder).

(4) Production of Powder Mixture for Pressure Sintering

The produced magnetic powder mixture (the Co—Cr alloy powder coveredwith the oxide powders), the first non-magnetic powder mixture (theCo—Cr—Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders), and the secondnon-magnetic powder mixture (the Co—Pt alloy powder covered with theoxide powders) are mixed and dispersed substantially uniformly toproduce a powder mixture for pressure sintering. When the powder mixturefor pressure sintering is produced, an oxide powder may be optionallyadded to the magnetic powder mixture, the first non-magnetic powdermixture, and the second non-magnetic powder mixture, and these powdersmay be mixed and dispersed. The mixing and dispersing in this step isterminated before the diameters of the particles become small. If themixing and dispersing is carried out to such an extent that the particlediameters become small, the oxide powder layers covering the atomizedmetal powder are destroyed. In such a case, the three atomized metalpowders (Co—Cr alloy powder, Co—Cr—Pt alloy powder, and Co—Pt alloypowder) come into contact with each other. This allows diffusion of themetal atoms during mixing and dispersing, and the compositions of theatomized metal powders may deviate from the prescribed compositions.

(5) Molding

The produced powder mixture for pressure sintering is pressure-sinteredand molded using, for example, a vacuum hot press method to produce atarget.

(6) Feature of Production Process

The feature of the production process in this embodiment is as follows.The metal powders (Co—Cr alloy powder, Co—Cr—Pt alloy powder, and Co—Ptalloy powder) are separately mixed with and dispersed in the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) to cover the metalparticles with the oxide powders, and powder mixtures are thereby formed(a first mixing step). Then the powder mixtures are mixed with anddispersed in each other to obtain a powder mixture for pressuresintering (a second mixing step). The powder mixture for pressuresintering is produced through two mixing steps.

In the first mixing step, the mixing is continued until the metalparticles (Co—Cr alloy particles, Co—Cr—Pt alloy particles, and Co—Ptalloy particles) are densely covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) (during mixing, the particlediameters of the oxide powders become smaller). However, in the secondmixing step, the mixing and dispersing is terminated before thediameters of the particles become small.

In the first mixing step, the mixing is continued until the metalparticles (Co—Cr alloy particles, Co—Cr—Pt alloy particles, and Co—Ptalloy particles) are densely covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder). This allows the oxide powders tobe sufficiently fine-grained and to densely cover the metal particles.Therefore, the metal particles can be effectively prevented from cominginto contact with each other.

In the second mixing step, the mixing and dispersing is terminatedbefore the diameters of the particles become small. Therefore, the oxidepowder layers covering the atomized metal powders are not destroyed, sothat the three atomized metal powders (Co—Cr alloy powder, Co—Cr—Ptalloy powder, and Co—Pt alloy powder) are prevented from coming intocontact with each other. This can prevent the compositions of theatomized metal powders from deviating from the prescribed compositionsdue to diffusion of the metal atoms during mixing and dispersing.

Since the surfaces of the atomized metal powders have been covered withthe oxide powders, the diffusion and migration of the metal atomsbetween the atomized metal powders are less likely to occur even duringvacuum hot press. Therefore, changes in the ratios of the amounts of theconstituent elements in the metal phases (Co—Cr alloy phase, Co—Cr—Ptalloy phase, and Co—Pt alloy phase) during pressure sintering can beprevented. In this manner, phases designed to form non-magnetic phasesin a target to be obtained can be prevented from being magnetized. Thevolume fraction of the non-magnetic phases with respect to the totalvolume of the target can thereby be maintained high as designed, and theamount of leakage magnetic flux from the surface of the target duringmagnetron sputtering can be reliably increased.

EXAMPLES Example 1

The overall composition of a target produced in Example 1 was 91(73Co-11Cr-16Pt)-4SiO₂-2TiO₂-3Cr₂O₃, and the target was produced andevaluated as follows. The ratio of the amount of Co with respect to thetotal amount of the metals (Co, Cr, and Pt) in the target was 73 at %,the ratio of the amount of Cr was 11 at %, and the ratio of the amountof Pt was 16 at %.

Co alone was heated to 1,700° C. to obtain molten Co, and the molten Cowas gas-atomized to produce a Co powder (magnetic metal powder).

Co, Cr, and Pt were weighed such that an alloy to be produced had analloy composition of Co: 69 at %, Cr: 22 at %, and Pt: 9 at % and wereheated to 1,700° C. to form a molten 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy. The moltenalloy was gas-atomized to produce a 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder (firstnon-magnetic metal powder).

Co and Pt were weighed such that an alloy to be produced had an alloycomposition of Co: 5 at % and Pt: 95 at and were heated to 2,000° C. toform a molten 5Co-95Pt alloy. The molten alloy was gas-atomized toproduce a 5Co-95Pt alloy powder (second non-magnetic metal powder).

The produced three atomized metal powders (Co powder, 69Co-22Cr-9Ptalloy powder, and 5Co-95Pt alloy powder) were separately classifiedthrough 150 mesh sieves to obtain three atomized metal powders (Copowder, 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder, and 5Co-95Pt alloy powder) having aparticle diameter of φ106 μm or smaller.

65.80 g of SiO₂ powder, 43.81 g of TiO₂ powder, and 124.95 g of Cr₂O₃powder were added to 1,470.00 g of the classified Co powder and mixedand dispersed to obtain a magnetic powder mixture (the Co powder coveredwith the oxide powders). In the SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, Cr₂O₃ powderused, the primary particles having a median diameter of 0.6 μm wereaggregated to form secondary particles having a diameter of about φ100μm. However, mixing and dispersing were carried out in a ball mill untilthe Co particles were densely covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) to thereby obtain the magneticpowder mixture (the Co powder covered with the oxide powders).

43.60 g of SiO₂ powder, 28.98 g of TiO₂ powder, and 82.76 g of Cr₂O₃powder were added to 1,150.00 g of the classified 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloypowder and mixed and dispersed to obtain a first non-magnetic powdermixture (the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders).In the SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, Cr₂O₃ powder used, the primaryparticles having a median diameter of 0.6 μm were aggregated to formsecondary particles having a diameter of about φ100 μm. However, mixingand dispersing were carried out in a ball mill until the 69Co-22Cr-9Ptalloy particles were densely covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) to thereby obtain the firstnon-magnetic powder mixture (the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered withthe oxide powders).

20.82 g of SiO₂ powder, 13.83 g of TiO₂ powder, and 39.32 g of Cr₂O₃powder were added to 1,480.00 g of the classified 5Co-95Pt alloy powderand mixed and dispersed to obtain a second non-magnetic powder mixture(the 5Co-95Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders). In the SiO₂powder, TiO₂ powder, Cr₂O₃ powder used, the primary particles having amedian diameter of 0.6 μm were aggregated to form secondary particleshaving a diameter of about φ100 μm. However, mixing and dispersing werecarried out in a ball mill until the 5Co-95Pt alloy particles weredensely covered with the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, andCr₂O₃ powder) to thereby obtain the second non-magnetic powder mixture(the 5Co-95Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders).

Then 805.67 g of the magnetic powder mixture (the Co powder covered withthe oxide powders), 1,229.89 g of the first non-magnetic powder mixture(the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders), and744.44 g of the second non-magnetic powder mixture (the 5Co-95Pt alloypowder covered with the oxide powders) were mixed and dispersed toobtain a powder mixture for pressure sintering. More specifically, thepowders (the magnetic powder mixture, the first non-magnetic powdermixture, and the second non-magnetic powder mixture) were mixed anddispersed such that they were dispersed in each other substantiallyuniformly and were not reduced in particle diameter, and the powdermixture for pressure sintering was thereby produced.

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,100°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of the obtainedtest piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced test piece wasmeasured and found to be 9.041 (g/cm³). Since the theoretical density is9.24 (g/cm²), the relative density was 97.85%.

FIGS. 8 and 9 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 8shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 9 shows ahigh-magnification photograph. FIGS. 10 and 11 are SEM photographs ofthe cross section of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction.FIG. 10 shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 11 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

The results of elementary analysis by EPMA showed that, in the SEMphotograph in FIG. 11, relatively large dark gray portions were the Cophase (reference numeral 42); whitest portions were the 5Co-95Pt alloyphase (reference numeral 44); portions with a gray density between thoseof the Co phase and the 5Co-95Pt alloy phase were the 69Co-22Cr-9Ptalloy phase (reference numeral 46); and dark gray portions separatingthese metal phases from each other were the oxide phase (theSiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase) (reference numeral 48). It was found that themetal phases were separated from each other by the oxide phase(SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase) (reference numeral 48).

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,070°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce two targets with φ52.4 mm and a thickness of 7.0 mm.The densities of the two produced targets were measured and found to be9.009 and 9.009 (g/cm³), respectively. Since the theoretical density is9.24 (g/cm³), the relative densities were 97.50% and 97.50%.

The leakage magnetic flux from each of the two produced targets wasevaluated according to ASTM F2086-01. A horseshoe-shaped magnet (formedof alnico) was used to generate the magnetic flux. This magnet wasattached to an apparatus for measuring the leakage magnetic flux, and agauss meter was connected to a hole probe. The hole probe was disposedso as to be positioned directly above the center between the magneticpoles of the horseshoe-shaped magnet.

First, a magnetic flux density in a direction horizontal to a table ofthe measuring apparatus was measured with no target placed on thesurface of the table to measure a source field defined by ASTM. Thesource fields were 900 (G) and 900 (G).

Next, the tip of the hole probe was raised to the position at which theleakage magnetic flux from a target was measured (a position at a heightof (the thickness of the target+2 mm) from the surface of the table),and a leakage magnetic flux density in a direction horizontal to thesurface of the table was measured with no target placed on the surfaceof the table to measure a reference field defined by ASTM. The referencefields were 563 (G) and 572 (G).

Then a target was placed on the surface of the table such that thedistance between the center of the surface of the target and a point onthe target surface directly below the hole probe was 43.7 mm. The targetwas rotated 5 turns in an anticlockwise direction without moving itscentral position and then rotated by 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° withoutmoving the central position to measure the leakage magnetic flux densityin a direction horizontal to the table surface at each of these rotatedpositions. The obtained five leakage magnetic flux density values weredivided by the value of the reference field and multiplied by 100 toobtain leakage magnetic flux ratios (%). The five leakage magnetic fluxratios (%) were averaged, and the average value was used as the averageleakage magnetic flux ratio (%) of the target. As shown in TABLES 3 and4 below, the average leakage magnetic flux ratios of the two producedtargets were 51.0% and 50.7%, respectively, and the average of these twoaverage leakage magnetic flux ratios was 50.9%.

TABLE 3 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 900 563 285 50.6 30° 900563 287 51.0 60° 900 563 285 50.6 90° 900 563 289 51.3 120°  900 563 29151.7 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 51.0

TABLE 4 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 900 572 291 50.9 30° 900572 290 50.7 60° 900 572 290 50.7 90° 900 572 289 50.5 120°  900 572 28950.5 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 50.7

Example 2

The overall composition of a target produced in Example 2 was 91(73Co-11Cr-16Pt)-4SiO₂-2TiO₂-3Cr₂O₃ and was the same as the compositionin Example 1. However, Example 2 is different from Example 1 in that thesecond non-magnetic metal powder produced by atomization is a 10Co-90Ptalloy powder.

The target in Example 2 was produced and evaluated as follows.

Atomization and classification were performed as in Example 1 exceptthat the alloy composition was changed to thereby obtain the 10Co-90Ptalloy powder. During atomization performed to obtain the 10Co-90Pt alloypowder, the heating temperature and the injection temperature were2,000° C.

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 21.77 gof SiO₂ powder, 14.52 g of TiO₂ powder, and 41.50 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 1,500.00 g of the obtained 10Co-90Pt alloy powder to therebyobtain a second non-magnetic powder mixture (the 10Co-90Pt alloy powdercovered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 64.91 gof SiO₂ powder, 43.22 g of TiO₂ powder, and 123.26 g of Cr₂O₃ powderwere added to 1,450.00 g of the Co powder obtained by atomization inExample 1 to thereby obtain a magnetic powder mixture (the Co powdercovered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 43.60 gof SiO₂ powder, 28.98 g of TiO₂ powder, and 82.76 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 1,150.00 g of the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder obtained byatomization in Example 1 to thereby obtain a first non-magnetic powdermixture (the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders).

Then 791.37 g of the magnetic powder mixture (the Co powder covered withthe oxide powders), 1229.89 g of the first non-magnetic powder mixture(the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders), and758.74 g of the second non-magnetic powder mixture (the 10Co-90Pt alloypowder covered with the oxide powders) were mixed and dispersed as inExample 1 to obtain a powder mixture for pressure sintering.

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,100°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of the obtainedtest piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced test piece wasmeasured and found to be 9.052 (g/cm³). Since the theoretical density is9.24 (g/cm³), the relative density was 97.96%.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 12shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 13 shows ahigh-magnification photograph. FIGS. 14 and 15 are SEM photographs ofthe cross section of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction.FIG. 14 shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 15 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

The results of elementary analysis by EPMA showed that, in the SEMphotograph in FIG. 15, relatively large dark gray portions were the Cophase (reference numeral 52); whitest portions were the 10Co-90Pt phase(reference numeral 54); portions with a gray density between those ofthe Co phase and the 10Co-90Pt phase were the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt phase(reference numeral 56); and dark gray portions separating these metalphases from each other were the oxide phase (the SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase)(reference numeral 58). It was found that the metal phases wereseparated from each other by the oxide phase (SiO₂ ⁻ TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase)(reference numeral 58).

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,080°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce two targets with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 7.0mm. The densities of the two produced targets were measured and found tobe 9.023 and 9.014 (g/cm³), respectively. Since the theoretical densityis 9.24 (g/cm³), the relative densities were 97.65% and 97.55%.

The leakage magnetic flux from each of the two produced targets wasevaluated as in Example 1. As shown in TABLEs 5 and 6 below, the averageleakage magnetic flux ratios were 50.6% and 50.7%, and the average ofthese average leakage magnetic flux ratios was 50.7%.

TABLE 5 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 902 575 288 50.1 30° 902575 293 51.0 60° 902 575 291 50.6 90° 902 575 292 50.8 120°  902 575 28950.3 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 50.6

TABLE 6 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 902 564 286 50.7 30° 902564 285 50.5 60° 902 564 285 50.5 90° 902 564 287 50.9 120°  902 564 28650.7 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 50.7

Comparative Example 1

The overall composition of a target produced in Comparative Example 1was 91 (73Co-11Cr-16Pt)-4SiO₂-2TiO₂-3Cr₂O₃ and was the same as those inExamples 1 and 2. However, Comparative Example 1 is different fromExamples 1 and 2 in that the target was produced using a 50Co-50Pt alloypowder which is the magnetic metal powder instead of the secondnon-magnetic metal powders (5Co-95Pt alloy powder and 10Co-90Pt alloypowder) used in Examples 1 and 2. In Comparative Example 1, the numberof non-magnetic phases is one (the number of magnetic phases is two,that is the Co phase and the 50Co-50Pt alloy phase).

The target in Comparative Example 1 was produced and evaluated asfollows.

Atomization and classification were performed as in Example 1 exceptthat the alloy composition was changed to thereby obtain the 50Co-50Ptalloy powder. During atomization performed to obtain the 50Co-50Pt alloypowder, the heating temperature and the injection temperature were1,800° C.

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 38.55 gof SiO₂ powder, 25.63 g of TiO₂ powder, and 72.93 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 1,850.00 g of the obtained 50Co-50Pt alloy powder to therebyobtain a second non-magnetic powder mixture (the 50Co-50Pt alloy powdercovered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 48.34 gof SiO₂ powder, 32.19 g of TiO₂ powder, and 91.81 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 1,080.00 g of the Co powder obtained by atomization in Example1 to thereby obtain a first magnetic powder mixture (the Co powdercovered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 43.60 gof SiO₂ powder, 28.98 g of TiO₂ powder, and 82.76 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 1,150.00 g of the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder obtained inExample 1 to thereby obtain a first non-magnetic powder mixture (the69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders).

Then 574.04 g of the magnetic powder mixture (the Co powder covered withthe oxide powders), 1229.89 g of the first non-magnetic powder mixture(the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders), and976.07 g of the second magnetic powder mixture (the 50Co-50Pt alloypowder covered with the oxide powders) were mixed and dispersed as inExample 1 to obtain a powder mixture for pressure sintering.

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,100°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of the obtainedtest piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced test piece wasmeasured and found to be 9.023 (g/cm²). Since the theoretical density is9.24 (g/cm³), the relative density was 97.65%.

FIGS. 16 and 17 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 16shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 17 shows ahigh-magnification photograph. FIGS. 18 and 19 are SEM photographs ofthe cross section of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction.FIG. 18 shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 19 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

The results of elementary analysis by EPMA showed that, in the SEMphotograph in FIG. 19, relatively large dark gray portions were the Cophase (reference numeral 62); whitest portions were the 50Co-50Pt alloyphase (reference numeral 64); portions with a gray density between thoseof the Co phase and the 50Co-50Pt alloy phase were the 69Co-22Cr-9Ptphase (reference numeral 66); and dark gray portions separating thesemetal phases from each other were the oxide phase (the SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃phase) (reference numeral 68). It was found that the metal phases wereseparated from each other by the oxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase)(reference numeral 68).

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,090°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce two targets with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 7.0mm. The densities of the two produced targets were measured and found tobe 9.071 and 9.065 (g/cm³), respectively. Since the theoretical densityis 9.24 (g/cm²), the relative densities were 98.17% and 98.11%.

The leakage magnetic flux from each of the two produced targets wasevaluated as in Example 1. As shown in TABLES 7 and 8 below, the averageleakage magnetic flux ratios were 44.8% and 44.9%, and the average ofthese average leakage magnetic flux ratios was 44.9%.

TABLE 7 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 897 581 257 44.2 30° 897581 261 44.9 60° 897 581 262 45.1 90° 897 581 261 44.9 120°  897 581 26044.8 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 44.8

TABLE 8 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 897 569 254 44.6 30° 897569 255 44.8 60° 897 569 257 45.2 90° 897 569 255 44.8 120°  897 569 25645.0 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 44.9

Comparative Example 2

The overall composition of a target produced in Comparative Example 2was 91 (73Co-11Cr-16Pt)-4SiO₂-2TiO₂-3Cr₂O₃ and was the same as those inExamples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1. The magnetic metal powderused to produce the target was a Co powder, and the first non-magneticmetal powder was a 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder. The second magnetic metalpowder was a 50Co-50Pt alloy powder, and the compositions of these threemetal powders used to produce the target were the same as those inComparative Example 1.

However, in Comparative Example 2, the above-described three metalpowders and the oxide powders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃powder) were mixed and dispersed simultaneously (in one step) to producea powder mixture for pressure sintering. This is the difference fromExamples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 in which three metal powdersare separately mixed with and dispersed in oxide powders (SiO₂ powder,TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) and then the obtained three powdermixtures are mixed with each other to obtain a powder mixture forpressure sintering (through two mixing steps).

The target in Comparative Example 2 was produced and evaluated asfollows.

254.74 g of the Co powder obtained by atomization in Example 1, 557.61 gof the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder obtained by atomization in Example 1,467.65 g of the 50Co-50Pt alloy powder obtained by atomization inComparative Example 1, 42.35 g of SiO₂ powder, 28.18 g of TiO₂ powder,and 80.26 g of Cr₂O₃ powder were mixed and dispersed simultaneously toobtain a powder mixture for pressure sintering in one mixing step. Morespecifically, these powders were mixed and dispersed in a ball mill atthe same strength as that in Example 1 for the same time period as thatin Example 1 to produce the powder mixture for pressure sintering in onemixing step.

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,100°C. and a pressure of 24.5 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻²Pa or lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of theobtained test piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced testpiece was measured and found to be 9.027 (g/cm³). Since the theoreticaldensity is 9.24 (g/cm³), the relative density was 97.69%.

FIGS. 20 and 21 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 20shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 21 shows ahigh-magnification photograph. FIGS. 22 and 23 are SEM photographs ofthe cross section of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction.FIG. 22 shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 23 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

The results of elementary analysis by EPMA showed that, in an SEMphotograph in FIG. 23, almost all portions observed as metal phases werethe Co phase (reference numeral 72) and relatively large portionsobserved as the 50Co-50Pt alloy phase (reference numeral 74) wereportions shown in FIG. 23. Other portions were phases of mixtures ofmetals and oxides, and it was considered that the regions of the metalphase were not separated from each other by the oxide phase.

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,100°C. and a pressure of 24.5 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻²Pa or lower to produce a target with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 7.0mm.

Another target with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 7.0 mm was producedusing the same process as the above-described production process.

The densities of the two produced targets were measured and found to be9.07 and 9.06 (g/cm³), respectively. Since the theoretical density is9.24 (g/cm³), the relative densities were 98.2% and 98.1%.

The leakage magnetic flux from each of the two produced targets wasevaluated as in Example 1. As shown in TABLES 9 and 10 below, theaverage leakage magnetic flux ratios were 31.9% and 31.5%, and theaverage of these average leakage magnetic flux ratios was 31.7%.

TABLE 9 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 902 565 180 31.9 30° 902565 181 32.0 60° 902 565 181 32.0 90° 902 565 180 31.9 120°  902 565 18031.9 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 31.9

TABLE 10 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 902 585 184 31.5 30° 902585 184 31.5 60° 902 585 184 31.5 90° 902 585 184 31.5 120°  902 585 18431.5 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 31.5

Comparative Example 3

The overall composition of a target produced in Comparative Example 3was 91 (71Co-11Cr-18Pt)-3SiO₂-2TiO₂-4Cr₂O₃. The ratio of the amount ofCo with respect to the total amount of the metals (Co, Cr, and Pt) inthe target was 71 at %, the ratio of the amount of Cr was 11 at %, andthe ratio of the amount of Pt was 18 at %.

The magnetic metal powder used to produce the target in ComparativeExample 3 was a Co powder. The first non-magnetic metal powder was a69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder, and the second non-magnetic metal powder wasa Pt powder. In Comparative Example 3, one of the two non-magnetic metalpowders, i.e., the first non-magnetic metal powder (69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloypowder) contained Co which is a ferromagnetic metal element, but thesecond non-magnetic metal powder (Pt powder) contained no ferromagneticmetal element.

The target in Comparative Example 3 was produced and evaluated asfollows.

Co alone was heated to 1,700° C. to obtain molten Co, and the molten Cowas gas-atomized to produce a Co powder (magnetic metal powder).

Co, Cr, and Pt were weighed such that an alloy to be produced had analloy composition of Co: 69 at %, Cr: 22 at %, and Pt: 9 at % and wereheated to 1,700° C. to form a molten 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy. The moltenalloy was gas-atomized to produce a 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder (firstnon-magnetic metal powder).

Pt alone was heated to 2,000° C. to obtain molten Pt, and the molten Ptwas gas-atomized to produce a Pt powder (non-magnetic metal powder).

The obtained metal powders were classified as in Example 1 to obtain aCo powder, a 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder, and a Pt powder.

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 23.56 gof SiO₂ powder, 20.84 g of TiO₂ powder, and 79.32 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 700.00 g of the classified Co powder to thereby obtain amagnetic powder mixture (the Co powder covered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 29.81 gof SiO₂ powder, 26.43 g of TiO₂ powder, and 100.67 g of Cr₂O₃ powderwere added to 1050.00 g of the classified 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder tothereby obtain a first non-magnetic powder mixture (the 69Co-22Cr-9Ptalloy powder covered with the oxide powders).

Mixing and dispersing were performed as in Example 1 except that 8.49 gof SiO₂ powder, 7.52 g of TiO₂ powder, and 28.76 g of Cr₂O₃ powder wereadded to 840.00 g of the classified Pt powder to thereby obtain a secondnon-magnetic powder mixture (the Pt powder covered with the oxidepowders).

Then 738.62 g of the magnetic powder mixture (the Co powder covered withthe oxide powders), 1107.63 g of the first non-magnetic powder mixture(the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy powder covered with the oxide powders), and653.75 g of the second non-magnetic powder mixture (the Pt powdercovered with the oxide powders) were mixed and dispersed as in Example 1to produce a powder mixture for pressure sintering.

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,070°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of the obtainedtest piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced test piece wasmeasured and found to be 9.375 (g/cm²). Since the theoretical density is9.56 (g/cm³), the relative density was 98.06%.

FIGS. 24 and 25 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 24shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 25 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

In FIGS. 24 and 25, whitish portions are the metal phases (the Co phase,the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase, and the Pt phase), and dark gray portionsseparating these metal phases from each other are the oxide phase(SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase). The regions of the metal phases are separatedfrom each other by the oxide phase (SiO₂—TiO₂—Cr₂O₃ phase).

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,030°C. and a pressure of 31 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻² Paor lower to produce a target with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 6.0 mm.The densities of the produced target were measured and found to be 9.388(g/cm²). Since the theoretical density is 9.56 (g/cm³), the relativedensities were 98.20%.

The leakage magnetic flux from the produced target was evaluated as inExample 1. As shown in TABLE 11 below, the average leakage magnetic fluxratio was 50.3%.

TABLE 11 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 905 580 293 50.5 30° 905580 292 50.3 60° 905 580 290 50.0 90° 905 580 292 50.3 120°  905 580 29150.2 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 50.3

Comparative Example 4

A target with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 6.0 mm was produced as inComparative Example 3 except that the sintering temperature when thetarget with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 6.0 mm was produced was 1,000°C., which was lower than the sintering temperature in ComparativeExample 3 which is 1,030° C.

The leakage magnetic flux from the produced target was evaluated as inExample 1. As shown in TABLE 12 below, the average leakage magnetic fluxratio was 51.0%.

TABLE 12 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 900 612 311 50.8 30° 900612 312 51.0 60° 900 612 311 50.8 90° 900 612 313 51.1 120°  900 612 31351.1 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 51.0

Comparative Example 5

In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, three atomizedmetal powders were used to produce targets. However, in ComparativeExample 5, only one 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy powder was used as the atomizedmetal powder used to produce a target.

The overall composition of the produced target was 91(71Co-11Cr-18Pt)-3SiO₂-2TiO₂-4Cr₂O₃ and was the same as those inComparative Examples 3 and 4.

The target in Comparative Example 5 was produced and evaluated asfollows.

Co, Cr, and Pt were weighed such that an alloy to be produced had analloy composition of Co: 71 at %, Cr: 11 at %, and Pt: 18 at %, and themixture was heated to 1,700° C. to form a molten 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy.The molten alloy was gas-atomized to produce a 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloypowder. The produced alloy powder was classified as in Example 1 toobtain a classified 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy powder.

27.34 g of SiO₂ powder, 24.26 g of TiO₂ powder, and 92.17 g of Cr₂O₃powder were added to 1,140.00 g of the classified 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloypowder and mixed and dispersed to obtain a powder mixture for pressuresintering (the 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy powder covered with the oxidepowders). In the SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, Cr₂O₃ powder used, theprimary particles having a median diameter of 0.6 μm were aggregated toform secondary particles having a diameter of about φ100 μm. However,mixing and dispersing were carried out in a ball mill until the71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy particles were densely covered with the oxidepowders (SiO₂ powder, TiO₂ powder, and Cr₂O₃ powder) to thereby obtain apowder mixture for pressure sintering (the 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy powdercovered with the oxide powders).

30 g of the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,160°C. and a pressure of 24.5 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻²Pa or lower to produce a test piece (φ30 mm). The thickness of theobtained test piece was about 4.5 mm. The density of the produced testpiece was measured and found to be 9.402 (g/cm³). Since the theoreticaldensity is 9.56 (g/cm³), the relative density was 98.35%.

FIGS. 26 and 27 are metallurgical microscope photographs of a crosssection of the obtained test piece in the thickness direction. FIG. 26shows a low-magnification photograph, and FIG. 27 shows ahigh-magnification photograph.

In FIGS. 26 and 27, whitish portions are the metal phase (71Co-11Cr-18Ptphase). As compared with FIGS. 24 and 25 in Comparative Example 3, thesize of the metal phase (the whitish portions) is smaller, and the areaof the dark gray portions is larger. Therefore, in Comparative Example5, the metal phase is considered to be finer than those in ComparativeExamples 3 and 4, and regions in which the metal phase and the oxidephase are finely dispersed in each other are considered to be larger.

Next, the produced powder mixture for pressure sintering was subjectedto a hot press under the conditions of a sintering temperature of 1,160°C. and a pressure of 24.5 MPa for 60 minutes in an atmosphere of 5×10⁻²Pa or lower to produce a target with φ152.4 mm and a thickness of 6.0mm. The densities of the produced target were measured and found to be9.397 (g/cm³). Since the theoretical density is 9.56 (g/cm³), therelative densities were 98.30%.

The leakage magnetic flux from the produced target was evaluated as inExample 1. As shown in TABLE 13 below, the average leakage magnetic fluxratio was 40.0%.

TABLE 13 Source Reference Leakage magnetic Leakage magnetic Field (G)Field (G) flux density (G) flux ratio (%)  0° 877 616 245 39.8 30° 877616 247 40.1 60° 877 616 248 40.3 90° 877 616 247 40.1 120°  877 616 24639.9 Average leakage magnetic flux ratio (%) 40.0

Discussion

The results of the measurement of the average leakage magnetic fluxratio performed in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 aresummarized in TABLE 14 below. In Examples 1 and 2 and ComparativeExamples 1 and 2, the thicknesses of the targets used for themeasurement of the average leakage magnetic flux ratio were 7 mm.However, in Comparative Examples 3 to 5, the thicknesses of the targetsused for the measurement of the average leakage magnetic flux ratio were6 mm. Therefore, it should be noted that the difference in thicknesscauses the measured average leakage magnetic flux ratios in ComparativeExamples 3 to 5 to tend to be larger than those in Examples 1 and 2 andComparative Examples 1 and 2. In addition, in each of Examples 1 and 2and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the overall composition of the targetwas 91 (73Co-11Cr-16Pt)-4SiO₂-2TiO₂-3Cr₂O₃. However, in each ofComparative Examples 3 to 5, the overall composition of the target was91 (71Co-11Cr-18Pt)-3SiO₂-2TiO₂-4Cr₂O₃. In each of Examples 1 and 2 andComparative Examples 1 and 2, the ratio of the amount of Co contained inthe target was 66.43 mol %. However, in each of Comparative Examples 3to 5, the ratio of the amount of Co contained in the target was 64.61mol %. Therefore, the ratio of the amount of Co which is theferromagnetic metal element was smaller in the targets in ComparativeExamples 3 to 5. Thus, it should be noted that, also from the viewpointof the ratio of the amount of Co which is the ferromagnetic metalelement, the measured average leakage magnetic flux ratio tends to belarger in Comparative Examples 3 to 5 than in Examples 1 and 2 andComparative Examples 1 and 2.

TABLE 14 Second non-magnetic Average leakage Magnetic phase or secondmagnetic flux ratio phase First non-magnetic phase magnetic phase Mixingmethod Sintering conditions (%) Example 1 Co 69Co—22Cr—9Pt  5Co—95Pt twosteps 1070° C., 31 MPa 50.9 Example 2 Co 69Co—22Cr—9Pt 10Co—90Pt twosteps 1080° C., 31 MPa 50.7 Comparative Co 69Co—22Cr—9Pt 50Co—50Pt twosteps 1090° C., 31 MPa 44.9 Example 1 Comparative Co 69Co—22Cr—9Pt50Co—50Pt one step  1100° C., 24.5 MPa 31.7 Example 2 Comparative Co69Co—22Cr—9Pt Pt two steps 1030° C., 31 MPa 50.3 Example 3 ComparativeCo 69Co—22Cr—9Pt Pt two steps 1000° C., 31 MPa 51.0 Example 4Comparative 71Co—11Cr—18Pt one step  1160° C., 24.5 MPa 40.0 Example 5

In each of Examples 1 and 2, the target includes the magnetic phasecontaining Co (the ferromagnetic metal element) and the plurality ofnon-magnetic phases (the first non-magnetic phase and the secondnon-magnetic phase) containing Co (the ferromagnetic metal element), theplurality of non-magnetic phases containing a different constituentelement from each other or containing constituent elements at differentratios from each other, and is therefore within the scope of the presentinvention. In each of Examples 1 and 2, both the first non-magneticphase and the second non-magnetic phase contain Co, and the volumefraction of the magnetic phase (Co phase) can be reduced while the ratioof the amount of Co with respect to the total amount of the target isheld constant, so that the average leakage magnetic flux ratio of thetarget can be increased.

In Comparative Example 1, the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Pt alloy phase is large which is 50 at %. The Co—Pt alloy phase is amagnetic phase, and only the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase is a non-magneticphase. Therefore, the volume fraction of the magnetic phases withrespect to the total volume of the target is larger than those inExamples 1 and 2, and the average leakage magnetic flux ratio is smallerby about 12% than those in Examples 1 and 2. Thus, it is conceivablethat provision of a plurality of non-magnetic phases containing aferromagnetic metal element is important in order to improve the averageleakage magnetic flux ratio of the target.

In Comparative Example 2, the ratio of the amount of Co contained in theCo—Pt alloy phase is large which is 50 at %. The Co—Pt alloy phase is amagnetic phase, and only the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase is a non-magneticphase. In addition, the powder mixture for pressure sintering wasproduced in one mixing step. It was presumed that the metal powders withdifferent compositions were connected during mixing and migration(diffusion) of the metal atoms occurred during mixing and pressuresintering. Therefore, even in the phase formed from the 69Co-22Cr-9Ptalloy powder, part of this phase could be a magnetic phase. Actually,the average leakage magnetic flux ratio of the target in ComparativeExample 2 was 31.7% and smaller by about 38% than those in Examples 1and 2 and smaller by about 29% than that in Comparative Example 1. Itwas presumed that part of the phase formed from the 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloypowder was a magnetic phase. Therefore, it is conceivable that theproduction of the powder mixture for pressure sintering in two mixingsteps as in Examples 1 and 2 is important in order to improve theaverage leakage magnetic flux ratio of the target.

In each of Comparative Examples 3 and 4, as in Examples 1 and 2, thetarget includes two non-magnetic phases, but the second non-magneticphase is a Pt single-element phase and does not contain Co which is theferromagnetic metal element. Therefore, it was presumed that the volumefraction of the magnetic phase with respect to the total volume of thetarget was not sufficiently small and the average leakage magnetic fluxratio was not sufficiently improved. The average leakage magnetic fluxratios in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were comparable to the averageleakage magnetic flux ratios in Examples 1 and 2. However, as describedabove, the thicknesses of the targets in Comparative Examples 3 and 4are smaller than the thicknesses of the targets in Examples 1 and 2, andthe ratios of the amounts of Co contained in the targets in ComparativeExamples 3 and 4 are smaller than those in Examples 1 and 2. Therefore,if these were matched to those in Examples 1 and 2, the average leakagemagnetic flux ratios in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 could besignificantly smaller than the average leakage magnetic flux ratios inExamples 1 and 2.

The comparison between the average leakage magnetic flux ratios inComparative Examples 3 and 4 shows that the average leakage magneticflux ratio in Comparative Example 4 in which the sintering temperatureis 1,000° C. is slightly larger than that in Comparative Example 3 inwhich the sintering temperature is 1,030° C. This result may be becausethe lower the sintering temperature, the less likely the diffusion ofatoms to occur. Therefore, to produce a target with the amount ofleakage magnetic flux during magnetron sputtering being improved, it ispreferable to use a lower sintering temperature.

In Comparative Example 5, only the 71Co-11Cr-18Pt alloy phase is a metalphase. This metal phase is a magnetic phase. Therefore, it is consideredthat no non-magnetic metal phase is present in the target in ComparativeExample 5 and the volume fraction of the magnetic phase is high. Thismay be the reason that the average leakage magnetic flux ratio of thetarget in Comparative Example 5 is lower than the average leakagemagnetic flux ratios of the targets in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. Theaverage leakage magnetic flux ratio of the target in Comparative Example5 is 40.0%. However, if the thickness of the target and the ratio of theamount of Co were matched to those in Examples 1 and 2 and ComparativeExamples 1 and 2, the value of the average leakage magnetic flux ratiocould be significantly smaller than 40.0%.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The target according to the present invention can be suitably used as amagnetron sputtering target. The production process according to thepresent invention can be suitably used as a process for producing amagnetron sputtering target.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   10 target-   12 magnetic phase-   14 first non-magnetic phase-   16 second non-magnetic phase-   18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 48, 58, 68 oxide phase-   20, 42, 52, 62, 72 Co phase-   24, 46, 56, 66 69Co-22Cr-9Pt alloy phase-   28, 44 5Co-95Pt alloy phase-   32, 54 10Co-90Pt alloy phase-   64, 74 50Co-50Pt alloy phase

The invention claimed is:
 1. A magnetron sputtering target containing aferromagnetic metal element, the magnetron sputtering target comprising:a magnetic phase containing the ferromagnetic metal element comprising aCo—Cr alloy containing Co in an amount of 85 at % or more; twonon-magnetic phases comprising a first non-magnetic phase of a Co—Cr—Ptalloy containing Co in an amount of greater than 0 at % to not more than73 at %, and a second non-magnetic phase of a Co—Pt alloy containing Coin an amount of greater than 0 at % to not more than 12 at %; and anoxide phase; wherein the magnetic phase, first non-magnetic phase, andsecond non-magnetic phase are dispersed from each other and separatedfrom each other by the oxide phase so as not to come into contact witheach other.
 2. The magnetron sputtering target according to claim 1,wherein the oxide phase contains at least one of SiO₂, TiO₂, Ti₂O₃,Ta₂O₅, Cr₂O₃, CoO, CO₃O₄, B₂O₅, Fe₂O₃, CuO, Y₂O₃, MgO, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂,Nb₂O₅, MoO₃, CeO₂, Sm₂O₃, Gd₂O₃, WO₂, WO₃, HfO₂, and NiO₂.
 3. Themagnetron sputtering target according to claim 1, wherein the target isused to form a magnetic recording layer.